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Figure Figure 1 From the research bench

Referring domains: working-paper URL against version of record

Where the published paper has a third of the working-paper URL's referring domains, one system in four found it. Where it has a twentieth, none did.

A horizontal bar chart comparing referring domains for two papers. The Brynjolfsson NBER working-paper URL has 1,884 referring domains against 631 for the published Quarterly Journal of Economics version, a ratio of three to one. The Dell Acqua working-paper URL has 1,058 against just 53 for the published Organization Science version, a ratio of twenty to one. The published version with more links was found by one assistant; the one with fewer was found by none.5001,0001,5002,0002,500Brynjolfsson · working paper (2023)1,884Brynjolfsson · published (2025)631Dell'Acqua · working-paper URL (2023)1,058Dell'Acqua · published (2026)53Referring domains (count)
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Reference & Evidence

Source: DataForSEO Backlinks, bulk page summary, live index, 27 July 2026. URL-level counts. Working-paper URLs: nber.org/papers/w31161; ssrn.com abstract 4573321. Version-of-record URLs: academic.oup.com/qje/article/140/2/889/7990658; pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/orsc.2025.21838.

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