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Table Table 1 Growth that compounds

The conditional entry-mode fit card

Treat cultural distance as a moderated condition inside a wider resource, institution, control, and evidence review.

Synthetic fit questionGreenfieldAcquisitionJoint venture
Primary access logicBuild a new operating configurationObtain existing and embedded resourcesCombine access, local knowledge, and shared control
Institutional questionCan the firm build the missing market links?Can it integrate the acquired relationships and routines?Which local partner closes a resource or institutional gap?
Control questionWhich standards must be designed from the start?Which standards can be changed without destroying value?Which decisions require explicit governance?
Cultural-distance readingNot a standalone ruleNot a standalone ruleNot a standalone rule
Evidence boundaryFit depends on setting and resourcesFindings vary by sample, context, and methodFit depends on institutions, resources, and partner role

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Reference & Evidence

Source: Author's synthetic decision framework grounded in Meyer et al. (2009), Slangen and Hennart (2007), and Tihanyi et al. (2005). The entries are illustrative and do not select a real market or mode.

Each line is a claim from the register this journal publishes against, resolved from the register at build time.

  • A The two views are integrated rather than ranked: "We apply and advance the institution-based view of strategy by integrating it with resource-based considerations", on "Combining survey and archival data from four emerging economies, India, Vietnam, South Africa, and Egypt" Meyer, Estrin, Bhaumik & Peng. (2009) · MEP09-C1
  • A The modes do different jobs: "Alternative modes of entry-greenfield, acquisition, and joint venture (JV)-allow firms to overcome different kinds of market inefficiencies" related to the resources and to the institutional context Meyer, Estrin, Bhaumik & Peng. (2009) · MEP09-C2
  • A And the institutional condition flips which mode helps: "In a weaker institutional framework, JVs are used to access many resources, but in a stronger institutional framework, JVs become less important while acquisitions can play a more important role" Meyer, Estrin, Bhaumik & Peng. (2009) · MEP09-C3
  • A The review's object, verbatim: "This paper reviews the empirical literature on the determinants of the choice by multinational enterprises between entering foreign countries through greenfields or acquisitions" Slangen & Hennart. (2007) · SH07-C1
  • A And its diagnosis of the disagreement: the authors "examine why these findings have often been inconsistent, and offer theoretical and methodological suggestions to guide future research" Slangen & Hennart. (2007) · SH07-C2
  • A The output is a research agenda, in the same sentence: the paper offers "theoretical and methodological suggestions to guide future research" Slangen & Hennart. (2007) · SH07-C3
  • A The meta-analysis, verbatim: "meta-analyzing data from 66 independent samples, with cumulative sample sizes ranging from 2,255 to 24,152" Tihanyi, Griffith & Russell. (2005) · TGR05-C1
  • A The direct results are null: "Regression results failed to provide statistical evidence of significant relationships between cultural distance and entry mode choice, international diversification, and MNE performance" Tihanyi, Griffith & Russell. (2005) · TGR05-C2
  • A What survives is conditional: "The examination of moderator effects, however, yielded important results", so the relationship varies with home-country context and study conditions Tihanyi, Griffith & Russell. (2005) · TGR05-C3

Grades: A, verified against the printed page of the primary source · B, primary source, text layer only · C, authoritative secondary · D, reported.

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